Table of contents hide 1 Published clinical studies 2 Main studies 2.1 Rheumatology 2.2 Otolaryngology 2.3 Allergies 2.4 Pediatrics 2.5 Phlebology 2.6 Headaches 2.7 Sports Medicine 2.8 Laboratory tests 3 Conclusions after homeopathy research

The present study offers an overview of the research that is being carried out in the world of homeopathy .

High-profile specialized journals such as The Lancet, British Medical Journal, Pediatrics, The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine and the European Journal of Pharmacology have been taken as a reference.

The most relevant works on homeopathy have been selected, from a clinical and laboratory research point of view. Some studies have been ruled out, since they dealt with techniques related to homeopathy and others that, although they met the selection criteria, were repeated, or the data they provided were irrelevant .

Of all the works studied, both those that are exposed below and those that were omitted, have the merit of having passed the filter of the prestigious magazines cited .

It is necessary to positively assess the interest displayed by the doctors who performed the experiments, since the publication of their trials and experiences, makes our knowledge of homeopathy in general .

Published clinical studies

• Merely statistical work and in particular meta-analyzes, which are statistical evaluations on a certain number of clinical trials, should be highlighted.

For many years this type of homeopathic-related studies have been carried out and all are conclusive in that the homeopathic therapeutic effects are not entirely attributable to the placebo effect.

• Among all the clinical trials carried out, some of the rheumatology, otolaryngology, allergies, pediatrics, phlebology, headaches and sports medicine are especially noteworthy .

All homeopathic experiments performed obtained effective results.

Main studies

• Doctors K. Linde, N. Clausius and G. Ramirez selected 89 of 186 studies that met predefined requirements and concluded that the effect of homeopathic treatments is 2.45 times higher than placebo.

[K. Linde, N. Clausius, G. Ram rez, et al. Are the clinical effects of homeopathy placebo effects? A meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials. Lancet, September 20, 1997, 350: 834-834]

• Doctors J. Kleinijen, P. Knipschild and G. Ter Riet published a study on 107 treatments performed with homeopathic medicines and 81 of them showed positive results and 77 percent of all, satisfactory results.

The entire team was surprised, as the overall results of the experience showed a positive trend of applied homeopathic treatments .

J. Kleinijen, P. Knipschild, G. Ter Rie. Clinical trials of homeopathy Brithish Medical Journal, February 9, 1991, 302: 316-323

Rheumatology

CN Shealy, MD, R. P Thomlinson and V. Borgmeyer conducted comparative studies between paracetamol and homeopathy in the treatment of painful stearthritis in 65 patients .

They observed better pain control in that group that was medicated with homeopathy. 55% achieved moderate relief with homeopathic treatment and 38% of the total participants achieved it with paracetamol.

The sample obtained was very small and the statistical results were not significant, but the authors consider that, for the relief of ostearthritis pain, homeopathy is safe and as effective as paracetamol .

In addition, we found the advantage of not leaving side effects on the kidney .

P. Fisher, A. Greenwood and EC Huskisson conducted a study on fibrositis. They treated 30 patients with Rhus Toxicodendron and compared it with a placebo. It was found that the painful points were reduced by 25% more than in the placebo group.

M. Shipley, H. Berry and G. Broster did a comparative study in which they evaluated the efficacy of a homeopathic remedy, a conventional drug and a placebo, in the treatment of ostearthritis. It should be noted that the different admission criteria did not allow the homeopathic medicine to be individualized . Homeopathy in this case was not effective.

• CN Shealy, MD, RP Thomlinson, V. Borgmeyer. Osteoarthritic pain: a comparison of homeopathy and acetaminophen. American Journal of Pain Management, 1998; 8: 89-91
• P. Fisher, A. Greenwood, EC Huskisson, et al. Effect of homeopathic treatment on fibrositis. British Medical Journal, August 5, 1989, 299: 365-66
• M. Shipley, H. Berry, G. Broster, et al. Controlled trial of homeophatic treatment of osteoarthritis. Lancet, January 15, 1983, 97-98

Otorhinolaryngology

M. Weiser, W. Strosser and P. Klei developed a comparative study of the treatment of vertigo with homeopathic medicines on the one hand and conventional medication on the other.

120 patients with different types of vertigo participated in the study. Half of them were given a combination of four homeopathic medicines and the other sixty people were prescribed a medicine applied in Europe to treat vertigo: betahistine hydrochloride .

The efficacy of the two therapies was similar but it could be determined that there was greater safety in those who had taken homeopathic medicines .

M. Weiser, W. Strosser, P. Klein. Homeopathic vs. conventional treatment of vertigo: a randomized double-blind controlled clinical study Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surg e ry, August, 1998, 124: 879-885

Allergies

The work carried out by Dr. D. Reilly and his team at the Glasgow Hospital between 1983 and 1994 stands out. The research was based on finding out if the action of a homeopathic dilution could differ from that of a placebo.

Three trials were then conducted with patients presenting with polynemic rhinitis or asthma caused by pneumoallergens. The first one was published in the British Homeopathic journal in 1985, the other two are detailed below.

• D.Reilly, M. Taylor and C. McSherry conducted a study on 144 patients with active hay fever. High dilutions of Pollens and also placebos were administered.

D. Reilly, M. Taylor, C. McSherry. Is homeopathy a placebo response? Controlled trial of homeopathic potency with Pollen in Hayfever as Model. Lancet, October 18, 1986, 881-86

The conclusions of the study were that patients treated with homeopathy used less antihistamines than the placebo group, thus demonstrating an improvement in their symptoms.

• D. Reilly, M. Taylor and N. Beattie wrote in their work: "Is there evidence that homeopathy is reproducible?", That they had successfully reproduced the authenticity of two of the previous double-blind tests .

D. Reilly, M. Taylor, N. Beattie, et al. Is evidence for homeopathy re-producible? Lancet, December 10, 1994, 334: 1601-6

They used the same model of homeopathic allergy immunotherapy, specifically an isotherapeutic pathogen, Pollens.

In this third study, nine of the eleven participants who had homeopathic treatment improved . There were only five of the thirteen patients treated with placebo who noticed improvement.

The researchers concluded that homeopathic medicines are effective and that they really work. They claim that the efficacy of homeopathy is not a placebo response.

Pediatrics

J. Jacobs, L. Jiménez and S. Gloyd carried out a study on the treatment of diarrhea in 80 children between 6 months and 5 years of age, who suffered from acute diarrhea. The study was conducted against a placebo group.

A 15% decrease in the duration of diarrhea was observed and the authors conclude that those children who were given homeopathy suffered malnutrition and dehydration to a lesser extent, with the consequent reduction in morbidity.

This work was one of the first studies on homeopathy published in an American specialized magazine.

J. Jacobs, L. Jimenez, S. Gloyd. Treatment of acute childhood diarrhea with homeopathic medicine: a randomized clinical trial in Nicaragua. Pediatrics, May 1994, 93, 5: 719-25

J. Lamont published a double-blind work of 43 children with attention deficit due to an overactive disorder. Some received placebo and others an individualized homeopathic treatment, then, after an interview in which it was determined which remedy was the most adjusted for each patient.

The statistical results offered a significant improvement in the group of children who took homeopathic medicines .

J. Lamont. Homeopathic treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a controlled study. British Homeopathic Journal, October, 1997, 86: 196-200

KH Friese, S. Kruse and H. Moeller worked on 126 children with otitis media processes. The parents of the children were allowed to decide between a homeopathic treatment or a conventional treatment.

103 children took homeopathy and 23 conventional medication. In the group treated with homeopathy, the ear pain was 29.3% or there was a maximum of three repetitions. In both the group that was medicated with antibiotics, the results were 43.5%, or a maximum of six repetitions.

KH Friese, S. Kruse, H. Moeller. Acute otitis media in children: a comparison of conventional and homeopathic treatment. Biomedical Therapy, 60, 4, 1997: 113-116 (Originally published in German in Hals-Nasen-Ohren (Head, Nose, and Otolaryngology, August, 1996: 462-66)

Phlebology

E. Ernst, T. Saradeth and KL Resh performed double-blind work in 61 patients with varicose veins. There was a 44% improvement in venous return compared to the placebo group.

E. Ernst, T. Saradeth, and KL Resch. Complementary treatment of varicose veins: a randomized placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Phlebology, 1990, 5: 157-163

Headaches

Two studies stand out:

• TE Whitmars published in the case of one of his patients, a 55-year-old man suffering from common migraine, followed by vomiting every twelve hours and a throbbing pain located in the left fronto-parietal area.

He was treated with homeopathy at Glasgow Homeopathic Hospital by a doctor experienced in the diagnosis and treatment of headaches. Bryonia was supplied and was able to demonstrate homeopathic efficacy .

After two months, the patient no longer suffered from headaches and could go to his workplace without interruptions . The treatment was continued for about three weeks and taking 12 doses of Bryonia.

After three years and in a subsequent routine review, it was found that the patient had suffered no more headache.

This case is presented as a retrospective study compared to conventional treatments practiced by the patient. Evidence the primacy of better results of homeopathy in migraines .

Whitmarsh TE. When conventional treatment is not enough: a case of migraine without auraresponding to homeopathy. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 1997 1: 2; 159-162

• H. Walach, W. Haeusler and T. Lowes made a selection of patients with headaches with more than 20 years of evolution but only three months of treatment were evaluated. This period of time was insufficient to conclude, given the severity and persistence of the condition.

H. Walach, W. Haeusler, T. Lowes, et al. Clasical homeopathic treatment of chronic headaches. Cephalalgia, 1997, 17: 119-26.

Sports medicine

AJ Vickers, P. Fisher and C. Smith did a study comparing Arnica with placebo in 519 runners.

We could not find significantly more positive results than with placebo for muscular exertion after having run a long career.

The researchers then suggested that Arnica is especially indicated for those lesions where the muscle is already inflamed or bruised .

AJ Vickers, P. Fisher, C. Smith, et al. Homeopathic Arnica 30 CH is ineffective for muscle soreness after long-distance running. Clinical Journal of Pain, September 1998, 14: 227-231

Laboratory tests

V. Elia and M. Niccoli carried out an extensive thermodynamic study in aqueous solutions obtained through successive dilutions and agitations of some solutes, from 1% to less than 1 x 10-5 mol kg-1.

The interaction that existed between acids and bases, with extremely diluted solutions, was studied by calorimetry at 25 ° C, establishing heat measurements of acid mixtures and The base solutions.

Although the solutions were extremely diluted, an excess of exothermic heat could be observed in the mixtures, compared to the samples of the mixtures of the untreated solvents. It is clearly demonstrated that successive diutions and agitations can permanently alter the physical-chemical properties of water as a solvent.

The nature of this phenomenon remains unexplained .

V. Elia, M. Niccoli. Thermodynamics of extremely diluted aqueous solutions. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, June 1999

J. Dittman and G. Harish made a study whose objective was to find differences between the effects of homeopathic potencies and conventional solutions, equally diluted, in p-nitrocatecol, a chemical reaction catalyzed by the cytochrome CYP 2E1.

Homeopathic medicines Arsenicum album and Potassium cyanatum were compared with equivalent dilutions of As2O3 and CNK.

Differences in the activity of the enzyme, attributable to the process of manufacturing homeopathic drugs, could be observed. That is, the dilution mode or the dilution with corresponding agitation .

J. Dittmann and G. Harisch. Characterization of differing effects caused by homeopathically prepared and conventional dilutions using cytochrome P450 2E1 and other enzymes as detection systems. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 1996, 2: 2, 279-290

K. Linde, WB Jonas and D. Melchart published a meta-analysis on a series of dynamic dilutions in experimental toxicology. This meta-analysis on 105 toxicological studies showed that homeopathic medicines are very useful in the treatment of exposures to any type of toxic.

This meta-analysis was prepared by the same group of researchers who published in The Lancet a meta-analysis of clinical studies.

K. Linde, WB Jonas, D. Melchart, et al. Critical review and meta-analysis of serial agitated dilutions in experimental. Toxicology, 1994, 13: 481-92

PC Endler, W. Pongratz and G. Kastberg did a work on the effects of the highly dynamic dilutions of thyroxine. This study showed that a homeopathic medicine can influence the growth and development of tadpoles in water. The authors reached the same conclusion in another article published in the Faseb Journal, about the transmission of hormonal information in a non-molecular environment.

PC Endler, W. Pongratz, G. Kastberg, et al. The effect of highly diluted agitated thyroxine on the climbing activity of frogs.Veterinary and Human Toxicology, 1994, 36:56

J. Benveniste, PC Endler and Schute conducted a study that demonstrates that magnetic fields can neutralize the effects of an extremely dilute homeopathic medicine .

J. Benveniste, PC Endler and J. Schulte (eds), Further biological effects induced by ultra high dilutions: inhibition a magnetic field, “in Ultra High Dilution.” Dorrecht: Kluwe academic, 1994, 35

E. Davenas, B. Poitevin and J. Benveniste conducted an experiment on the effects of oral administration of Silicea dilutions on the peritoneal macrophages of the mice.

This study showed that Silicea in dilution 6 CH and 10 CH induces a satisfactory result in the immune response as a moderator of macrophages in the blood of mice.

E. Davenas, B. Poitevin, and J. Benveniste. Effect on mouse peritoneal macrophages of orally administered very high dilutions of silicea. European Journal of Pharmacology, April, 1987, 135: 313-319

Philippe Belon, in his book Research in Homeopathy collects several works, among which the laboratory tests he has carried out for 10 years with Professor Christian Doutremepuich, professor of hematology at the pharmacy faculty of Bordeaux, on the action of Aspirin in infinitesimal dilutions.

After extensive experiments, he concludes that aspirin at high concentrations (100 mg / kg in weight, in rats) causes, as is known, a decrease in platelet aggregation, with the consequent reduction in the surface of the thrombi, arterial and venous and a decrease in the number of emboli, arterial and venous.

In contrast, ultra low-dose aspirin (9, 15, 30 CH) causes an increase in platelet aggregation, which results in an increase in the surface area of ​​the thrombus, arterial and venous, as well as the number of arterial and venous emboli and the duration of embolization.

In summary, it can be said that aspirin at high concentrations has antiaggregant and antithrombotic activity, while at high dilutions it shows proagregant and prothrombotic activity .

The effect of an injection of 100 mg / kg of aspirin weight is totally inhibited with the injection of a 15 CH dilution of aspirin. In another section the biological activity of some antimitotics at ultra low doses is studied.

The team of Dr. Bonavida, a professor in the department of microbiology and immunology at the University of Los Angeles (UCLA) explores the biological effect of some molecules that can modify the tumor response of cancer cells.

He studied the effect of TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor), which is secreted by various types of cells in animals and man and whose function is to cause the death of cancer cells, but there are cancer cell lines that resist it.

He also studied cisplatin and adriblastin, synthesis molecules used in oncology, that induce lysis of certain cancer cells. And diphtheria toxin, which is extremely toxic to all cell lines, cancerous or not.

Dr. Bonavida studied the activity of these toxins at concentrations 1000, 10, 000 and 100, 000 times lower than those necessary to produce toxicity. He showed that with the synergy of the Tumor Necrosis Factor at an infratotoxic dose associated with another of the substances mentioned, the cells present an important lysis .

This phenomenon is also reproduced on cancer cell lines resistant to any of these toxins. At infratotoxic concentrations, cisplatin or adriamycin associated with tumor necrosis factor destroys in culture sensitive cells and cells resistant to these same substances used at much stronger doses.

The results prove that resistance to one agent or more can be eliminated using very dilute combination treatments . This has given rise to new and valuable clinical approaches alongside current immunological or genetic lines in the treatment of cancer.

P. Belon, Research in Homeopathy, France: Editions Boiron; 1999

Conclusions after homeopathy research

Homeopathy was born in a pre-scientific environment two centuries ago, but it is a medicine born from experimentation and not from theoretical abstraction .

Over time, doctors who practice homeopathy do not ignore the contradictions that this method entails. If we limit ourselves to prescribing the homeopathic medicine up to 9 CH dilution, that is, the one in which molecules still exist, they are deprived of the clinical advantages of high dilutions .

To understand the mechanism of action of these ultra-dilutions, we would have to introduce some conceptually new points in relation to what is understood by science today.

Hahnemann himself did not give up the action of the high dilutions, pointing out at that time that his power of action would be in the dynamizations, his explanation would then be due to physical mechanisms.

It is thus shown that homeopathy does not only act by placebo effect, but exerts a biological activity and that there is a biochemical action with physiological and pathophysiological effects.

Nowadays studies are more aimed at explaining a whole pharmacology of infinitesimal doses than finding the intimate mechanism of action.

Seen in gualbertodiaz, by Pedro, editor of the White Brotherhood

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